The electrical system of the car VAZ 2106
Content
- Diagram of the electrical equipment of the car VAZ 2106
- Underhood wiring
- wiring harness in cabin
- Features of maintenance of electrical equipment and replacement of wiring VAZ 2106
- Malfunctions of electrical equipment VAZ 2106
- Schemes of electrical equipment of individual branches
The development of automobile vehicles is closely related to the evolution of mankind. The formation of transport developed slowly, since a self-propelled car is a complex set of mechanical and electrical elements, where the main components are grouped: body, chassis, engine and electrical wiring, working in perfect harmony with each other. The design and arrangement of these subsystems ensure the efficient functioning of the vehicle, using the design features of the elements and their purpose.
Diagram of the electrical equipment of the car VAZ 2106
The VAZ 2106 car was the real culmination of many years of innovative research and development. It is a machine with reliable mechanical and electrical devices. When developing the VAZ 2106, the specialists of the Volga Automobile Plant were guided by the terms of reference for updating and upgrading previous models to European quality standards. Making changes to the exterior, Soviet designers developed a new design for the rear lights, side direction indicators and other elements. The most popular and massive car VAZ 2106 was put into operation on domestic roads in February 1976.
In addition to changes to the suspension and engine modifications, the specialists paid attention to the electrical wiring in the car, which is a system of colored wires laid side by side and tied together with electrical tape. The electrical circuit is part of the transport and includes a circuit designed to operate the engine and a circuit for transmitting electrical energy to lighting consumers:
- engine start system;
- battery charge elements;
- fuel mixture ignition system;
- elements of outdoor and interior lighting;
- sensor system on the instrument panel;
- sound notification elements;
- fuse block.
The vehicle's electrical system is a closed circuit with an independent power source. The current flows through the cable from the battery to the powered component, the current returns to the battery through the metal body of the car, connected to the battery with a thick cable. Thin wires are used for accessories and relays requiring low power.
Using modern developments in design and ergonomics of the location of controls, the plant's specialists supplemented the design of the VAZ 2106 with an alarm, steering column controls for wipers and a windshield washer. To effectively display technical indicators, the instrument panel was equipped with a lighting rheostat. A low brake fluid level was determined by a separate control lamp. Luxury equipment models were equipped with a radio, rear window heating and a red fog lamp under the rear bumper.
For the first time on models of the Soviet automobile industry, the rear lights are combined into a single housing with a direction indicator, side light, brake light, reverse light, reflectors, structurally combined with license plate lighting.
Wiring diagram VAZ 2106 (carburetor)
A complex network of wires runs through the car. To avoid confusion, each wire connected to an individual element has a different color designation. To track the wiring, the entire scheme is reflected in the vehicle service manual. The bundle of wires is stretched along the entire length of the body from the power unit to the luggage compartment. The wiring diagram for electrical equipment is simple and clear, requiring clarification in case of problems with the identification of elements. Color coding is used to facilitate the process of switching electrical consumers, the detailed connection of which is indicated in the diagrams and manuals.
Table: electrical diagram description
| Position number | Electric circuit element |
| 1 | front lights |
| 2 | side direction indicators |
| 3 | accumulator battery |
| 4 | battery charge lamp relay |
| 5 | headlamp low beam relay |
| 6 | headlamp high beam relay |
| 7 | starter |
| 8 | generator |
| 9 | outdoor lights |
The electrical equipment system is made according to a single-wire circuit, where the negative terminals of the power consumption sources are connected to the car body, which performs the function of "mass". The current sources are an alternator and a storage battery. Starting the engine is provided by a starter with an electromagnetic traction relay.
To operate the power unit with a carburetor, a mechanical electric ignition system is used. The order of operation of the system begins with the creation of a magnetic field inside the core of the ignition coil, forming a reservoir for energy, which will be used to spark the spark plugs through high voltage wires.
The activation of the entire process of starting the electrical circuit begins with the ignition switch and the contact group that controls the car's ignition system, lighting system and light signaling.
The main outdoor lighting devices are dipped and main beam headlights, direction indicators, rear lights and registration plate lighting. Two lampshades are used to illuminate the interior. In addition, there are door switches on the pillars of the front and rear doors. The electrical wiring of the instrument panel includes a set of elements to alert the driver about the technical condition of the car: a tachometer, speedometer, temperature, fuel level and oil pressure gauges. Six indicator lamps are used to illuminate the instrument panel at night.
The main characteristics of the electrical wiring diagram:
- activation of the electrical circuit through the ignition switch;
- switching of current consumers through the fuse box;
- connection of key nodes with a source of electricity.
More about the VAZ-2106 carburetor: https://bumper.guru/klassicheskie-modeli-vaz/toplivnaya-sistema/karbyurator-vaz-2106.html
Wiring diagram VAZ 2106 (injector)
A disadvantage of a mechanical ignition system with a carbureted engine is the use of low voltage interruption points on the primary winding of the ignition coil. Mechanical wear of the contacts on the distributor cam, their oxidation and burnout of the contact surface from constant sparking. Constant adjustment to compensate for wear on the contact switches eliminates mechanical changes. The power of the spark discharge depends on the state of the contact group, and poor sparking leads to a decrease in engine efficiency. The mechanical system is not able to provide sufficient component life, limiting spark power and engine speed.
Table: description of the electrical circuit of the injector
| Position number | Electric circuit element |
| 1 | controller |
| 2 | cooling fan |
| 3 | block of the harness of the ignition system to the harness of the left mudguard |
| 4 | block of the harness of the ignition system to the harness of the right mudguard |
| 5 | fuel gauge |
| 6 | fuel level harness connector to fuel level sensor harness |
| 7 | oxygen sensor |
| 8 | fuel level sensor harness connector to ignition system harness |
| 9 | electric fuel pump |
| 10 | speed sensor |
| 11 | idle speed regulator |
| 12 | throttle position sensor |
| 13 | coolant temperature sensor |
| 14 | mass air flow sensor |
| 15 | diagnostic block |
| 16 | crankshaft position sensor |
| 17 | canister purge solenoid valve |
| 18 | ignition coil |
| 19 | spark plug |
| 20 | injectors |
| 21 | block of the harness of the ignition system to the harness of the instrument panel |
| 22 | fan relay |
| 23 | controller power circuit fuse |
| 24 | ignition relay |
| 25 | ignition relay fuse |
| 26 | fuel pump power circuit fuse |
| 27 | fuel pump relay |
| 28 | ignition harness connector to injector harness |
| 29 | block of the injector harness to the ignition system harness |
| 30 | block of the instrument panel harness to the ignition system harness |
| 31 | ignition switch |
| 32 | instrument cluster |
| 33 | engine anti-toxic system display |
Read about the instrument panel device: https://bumper.guru/klassicheskie-modeli-vaz/elektrooborudovanie/panel-priborov/panel-priborov-vaz-2106.html
To solve the problems of the mechanical ignition system, electronic ignition has been introduced. In the original systems, contact switches were replaced by a Hall effect sensor that responds to a rotating magnet on the camshaft. The new cars removed the mechanical ignition system, replacing it with an electronic system with no moving parts. The system is fully controlled by the on-board computer. Instead of an ignition distributor, an ignition module has been introduced that serves all spark plugs. Along with the development of transportation technology, vehicles have been equipped with a fuel injection system that requires precise and powerful spark generation.
The injection system on the VAZ 2106 for supplying fuel has been installed since 2002. The previously used mechanical sparking did not allow improving the performance of the motor. The updated power supply circuit of the injector uses an electronic control circuit for the operation of the entire system. The electronic unit (ECU) controls many processes:
- fuel injection through nozzles;
- control of the state of the fuel;
- ignition;
- exhaust gas condition.
The functioning of the system begins with the readings of the crankshaft position sensor, which signals the computer about the spark supply to the candles. The electronic circuit of the injector differs from the carburetor model, assuming the inclusion of various electronic devices in the vehicle system that transmit signals about physical and technical parameters. Due to the presence of numerous sensors, the electronic circuit of the injector works steadily and stably. After processing all the signals and parameters from the sensors in the internal memory of the microcontroller, the operation of the fuel supply actuators, the moment of spark formation, is controlled.
Underhood wiring
The main part of the electrical wiring is located in the engine compartment, where the main elements, electronic and mechanical sensors of the car are located. A significant number of wires reduce the overall aesthetic appearance of the motor, surrounded by a plurality of cable wiring. For convenient maintenance of the mechanical components of the engine, the manufacturer puts the wiring in a plastic braid, eliminating its chafing against the metal elements of the body and hiding it in the body cavities out of sight so that it does not distract attention from the power unit.
Under the hood on the engine there are many auxiliary elements that consume or generate electrical energy such as a starter, generator, sensors. All devices are interconnected in a certain way and in the order reflected in the electrical circuit. The wires are fixed in a safe and inconspicuous place, which prevents them from winding up on moving parts of the chassis and motor.
There are ground wires inside the engine compartment, which should only be tightly connected on a smooth metal surface. A reliable grounding contact through the car body provides a single reverse current circuit from the negative terminal of the battery, which is the "mass" of the vehicle. The bundled cables from the sensors are placed in a protective casing that provides insulation from heat, liquids and radio interference.
The wiring system located in the engine compartment includes:
- battery;
- starter;
- generator;
- ignition module;
- high voltage wires and spark plugs;
- numerous sensors.
wiring harness in cabin
With electrical wires, all sensors, nodes and dashboard function as a single mechanism, providing a single task: the uninterrupted transmission of electrical signals between interconnected elements.
Most of the elements of the vehicle are located in the cabin, providing process control, monitoring their implementation and diagnosing the technical condition of the sensors.
Automotive system controls located inside the cabin include:
- instrumentation panel and its illumination;
- external lighting elements of the roadway;
- signaling devices of turn, a stop and the sound notification;
- salon lighting;
- other electronic assistants such as windshield wipers, heater, radio and navigation system.
The wiring harness in the passenger compartment provides the connection of all elements of the car through the fuse box, which, regardless of the number of devices, is the main element of the electrical wiring in the passenger compartment. The fuse box, located to the left of the driver under the torpedo, often caused serious criticism from the owners of the VAZ 2106.
If the physical contact of any wire is lost, the fuses overheat, burning the fusible link. This fact was the presence of a problem in the electrical circuit of the car.
Table: designation and power of fuses in the VAZ 2106 block
| Name | Purpose of fuses |
| F1 (16A) | Horn, lamp socket, cigarette lighter, braking lamps, clock and interior lighting (plafonds) |
| F2 (8A) | Wiper relay, heater and wiper motors, windshield washer |
| F3 (8A) | High beam left headlight and high beam alert lamp |
| F4 (8A) | High beam, right headlight |
| F5 (8A) | Left low beam fuse |
| F6 (8A) | Low beam right headlight and rear fog lamp |
| F7 (8A) | This fuse in the VAZ 2106 block is responsible for the side light (left sidelight, right rear light), trunk light, room lighting, right light, instrument lighting and cigarette lighter light |
| F8 (8A) | Parking light (right side lamp, left rear lamp), license plate light left lamp, engine compartment lamp and side light warning lamp |
| F9 (8A) | Oil pressure gauge with warning lamp, coolant temperature and fuel gauge, battery charge warning lamp, direction indicators, carburetor choke open indicator, heated rear window |
| F10 (8A) | Voltage regulator and generator excitation winding |
| F11 (8A) | Reserve |
| F12(8 ) | Reserve |
| F13 (8A) | Reserve |
| F14 (16A) | heated rear window |
| F15 (16A) | Cooling fan motor |
| F16 (8A) | Direction Indicators |
The wiring harness is laid under the carpet, passing through technological openings in the metal body of the vehicle from the dashboard to the luggage compartment.
Features of maintenance of electrical equipment and replacement of wiring VAZ 2106
Properly laid wiring around the perimeter of the cabin and under the hood does not require special attention and maintenance. But, after repair work, the cable can be pinched, its insulation is damaged, which will lead to a short circuit. Bad contact will lead to heating of the cable and melting of the insulation. A similar result will be with improper installation of instruments and sensors.
The long period of operation of the vehicle affects the condition of the insulation of the wires, which becomes hard and brittle, especially under the influence of significant heat in the engine compartment. Damage caused by broken wires is not easy to find. If the damage is in the public domain without a braid, the repair is carried out without dismantling the wires.
When replacing one wire, mark the ends of the wire in the blocks with labels, if necessary, make a connection drawing.
The main stages of wiring replacement:
- a new wiring harness for the VAZ 2106 model;
- disconnected battery from the car network;
- analysis of the instrument panel;
- analysis of a torpedo;
- removal of seats;
- removal of soundproofing cover for easy access to the wiring harness;
- clean corrosion that can cause poor contact;
- at the end of the work it is not recommended to leave bare wires.
The wiring replacement procedure should not be carried out without an electrical circuit for connecting devices in order to avoid confusion during installation work.
When replacing a single wire, use a new one of the same color and size. After replacement, test the corrected wire with a tester connected to the nearest connectors on both sides.
Safety measures
Before performing work, disconnect the battery and isolate the sharp edges of the technological holes in the car body in places where the wires will pass in order to prevent a short circuit.
Malfunctions of electrical equipment VAZ 2106
Eliminating problems with electrical elements requires special skills and following simple rules:
- the system requires a power source;
- electrical devices require constant voltage;
- the electrical circuit must not be interrupted.
When you turn on the washer, the engine stalls
The windshield washer is equipped with a switch that controls the fluid supply motor. A stalled engine malfunction can be caused by grounding the power cable, a corroded terminal, dirty and damaged wires. To troubleshoot, it is worth checking all these elements and eliminating the shortcomings.
Learn more about the VAZ-2106 power window device: https://bumper.guru/klassicheskie-modeli-vaz/stekla/steklopodemnik-vaz-2106.html
Contact ignition system malfunctions
Possible causes of malfunctions are:
- burning / oxidation of the contacts of the ignition distributor (distributor);
- burning or even partial destruction of the ignition distributor cover;
- burning of the contact of the runner and its wear;
- failure of the runner resistance;
- capacitor failure.
These reasons impair the performance of the engine, affecting its start, especially during the cold period. One of the recommendations is to clean the contact group of candles and the slider. If this reason occurs, the distributor contacts must be replaced.
Worn ignition cover causes damage to the runner. In this case, the parts must be replaced.
Another reason is a malfunction of the noise suppression capacitor of the ignition distributor. In any case, the part must be replaced.
The wear of the mechanical part of the distributor causes the shaft to beat, which manifests itself in various contact gaps. The reason is bearing wear.
Ignition coil malfunctions
Starting the engine is complicated by a malfunction of the ignition coil, which begins to heat up significantly when the ignition is off due to a short circuit. The reason for the breakdown of the ignition coil is that the coil is energized for a long time when the engine is not running, which leads to shedding of the winding and its short circuit. A defective ignition coil must be replaced.
Schemes of electrical equipment of individual branches
The electrical equipment of the VAZ 2106 has undergone minor changes. On the car there was a sound signal without a switch-on relay, a rear fog lamp. On cars of luxury modifications, a rear window heating system was installed. Most current consumers are connected through the ignition key, which allows them to work only when the ignition is on, preventing accidental shutdown or battery drain.
Auxiliary elements work without turning on the ignition when the key is turned to position "I".
The ignition switch has 4 positions, the inclusion of which excites current in specific connectors:
- in position "0" from the battery are powered only by connectors 30 and 30/1, the others are de-energized.
- in the “I” position, the current is supplied to the connectors 30-INT and 30/1–15, while the “dimensions”, the windshield wiper, the fan heating system of the heater, running lights and fog lights are energized;
- in position “II”, contact 30–50 is additionally connected to the previously used connectors. In this case, the ignition system, starter, panel sensors, and “turn signals” are included in the circuit.
- in position III, only the car starter is activated. In this case, the current is available only to the 30-INT and 30/1 connectors.
Scheme of the speed controller of the electric motor of the stove
If the car heater does not function efficiently enough, then you should pay attention to the stove fan. Automotive heating technology is simple and accessible for analysis.
Table: wiring diagram for the interior heater fan
| Position number | Electric circuit element |
| 1 | generator |
| 2 | accumulator battery |
| 3 | egnition lock |
| 4 | fuse box |
| 5 | heater fan switch |
| 6 | additional speed resistor |
| 7 | stove fan motor |
The problem may be a bad connection, which causes the fan to stop working.
Contact ignition circuit
Table: scheme of the contact ignition system VAZ 2106
| Position number | Electric circuit element |
| 1 | generator |
| 2 | egnition lock |
| 3 | distributor |
| 4 | breaker cam |
| 5 | spark plug |
| 6 | ignition coil |
| 7 | accumulator battery |
Contactless ignition circuit
The installation of a contactless ignition system is an innovative option when modifying the VAZ 2106 model. From this innovative approach, an even rumbling of the engine is felt, failures are eliminated during a sharp increase in speed, and starting in a cold period is facilitated.
Table: contactless ignition system diagram
| Position number | Electric circuit element |
| 1 | ignition distributor |
| 2 | spark plug |
| 3 | Ñ Ð º Ñ € Ð ° Ð ½ |
| 4 | proximity sensor |
| 5 | ignition coil |
| 6 | generator |
| 7 | ignition switch |
| 8 | accumulator battery |
| 9 | switch |
The main difference between the non-contact system is the presence of a pulse sensor installed instead of a distributor. The sensor generates pulses, transmitting them to the commutator, which generates pulses as in the primary winding of the ignition coil. Further, the secondary winding produces a high voltage current, passing it to the spark plugs in a certain sequence.
Scheme of electrical equipment of the dipped beam
Headlights are an important safety feature responsible for improving the visibility of vehicles day and night. With prolonged use, the light-emitting thread becomes unusable, disrupting the operation of the lighting system.
Loss of lighting affects night driving. Therefore, a lamp that has become unusable should be replaced to increase illumination. In addition to lamps, switching relays and fuses can become the causes of a malfunction. When troubleshooting, include these items in the inspection list.
Wiring diagram for direction indicators
When creating the VAZ 2106 model, the designers included an alarm system in the list of necessary elements, which is activated by a separate button and activates all turn signals.
Table: symbols of the direction indicator circuit
| Position number | Electric circuit element |
| 1 | Front direction indicators |
| 2 | Side turn signal repeaters on the front fenders |
| 3 | Accumulator battery |
| 4 | Generator VAZ-2106 |
| 5 | Egnition lock |
| 6 | Fuse box |
| 7 | Additional fuse box |
| 8 | Relay breaker alarm and direction indicators |
| 9 | Charging fault indicator lamp in instrument cluster |
| 10 | Alarm button |
| 11 | Turn indicators in the rear lights |
There are no particular difficulties in working with the electrical system of a VAZ 2106 car. Constant careful care and care for the cleanliness of contacts is required. It is important to do everything competently and accurately, prolonging the life of important components and assemblies.
