Characteristics of lighting kerosene KO-25
Application
The decoding of the designation of the oil product in question is quite simple: lighting kerosene, with a maximum flame height of 25 mm. By the way, the height of the flame is a rather important indicator of the suitability of lighting kerosenes for certain purposes. So, grades obtained from light oil fractions are produced in accordance with the technical requirements of GOST 11128-65, and from heavier ones - GOST 92-50. In the latter case, kerosene is called pyronaphth; it has a much higher flash point (from 3500C) and freezes at sufficiently low temperatures. Pyronaft is used as a specialized source of lighting in underground workings - mines, tunneling tunnels, etc.
In the process of open combustion, various compounds are released that are hazardous to human health. Therefore, with a decrease in the height of the torch, the environmental hazard of kerosene decreases. Despite the lack of scientific data, it has been established that the main waste products during the combustion of lighting kerosene are the smallest particles of particles, carbon monoxide (CO), various nitrogen oxides (NOx), as well as sulfur dioxide (SO2). Research on kerosene used for cooking or lighting suggests that emissions can impair lung function and increase the risk of infectious diseases (including tuberculosis), asthma, and cancer. Therefore, the environmental neutrality of lighting kerosene grades currently produced is determined by the following sequence: KO-30 → KO-25 → KO-20.
In some cases, lighting kerosene KO-25 is used as a fuel, replacing the TS-1 or KT-2 brands, especially since it contains a minimum of higher hydrocarbons in its composition and emits relatively few sooty substances during combustion. However, the calorific value of kerosene KO-25 is low, which negatively affects the consumption of such fuel.
Physicochemical characteristics
Lighting kerosene, produced from sulfur-containing oil fractions, is characterized by the following quantitative indicators:
Parameter | quantitative value | |||
KO-20 | KO-22 | KO-25 | KO-30 | |
Density, t / m3 | 0,830 | 0,805 | 0,795 | 0,790 |
Temperature of the beginning of evaporation, 0С | 270 | 280 | 290 | 290 |
boiling point, 0С | 180 | 200 | 220 | 240 |
Flash point 0С | 60 | 45 | 40 | 40 |
All brands of lighting kerosene contain an increased percentage of sulfur (from 0,55 to 0,66%).
The characteristics of lighting kerosene KO-25 are considered optimal for its use in kerosene stoves or heaters of various types. For example, in wick ovens based on the capillary transfer of fuel and more efficient and hotter pressure ovens with steam jet nozzles that atomize the fuel by manual pumping or heating.
Kerosene KO-20
The operational features of kerosene grade KO-20 are that, in order to reduce the percentage of sulfur, the semi-finished product is additionally subjected to hydrotreatment. Therefore, this brand is also used for preventive washing and cleaning of steel products, as well as for surface degreasing before priming, painting, etc. Due to low toxicity, KO-20 can be used to dilute oil-soluble paints.
Kerosene KO-30
Since lighting kerosene KO-30 is characterized by the highest flame height and high flash point during combustion, this oil product is used as a working fluid for kerosene cutters. The density of KO-30 is the highest of all brands of lighting kerosene, therefore it is also used for the purposes of temporary preservation of steel products.
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