What is a fuel injector?

Bosch created the diesel fuel injector in 1920 in response to rising fuel demand and prices. Since the advent of fuel injection in cars, the speed and acceleration of many cars have changed. exaggerated advances in technology have made engines more economical, efficient and have created higher horse power. This technology, although updated, yes used today in both diesel and gasoline engines.

A fuel injector is a device for spraying and injecting fuel into an internal combustion chamber. engine. The injector atomizes the fuel and pumps it directly into the combustion chamber at a certain point in the combustion cycle. Newer injectors can also measure the amount of fuel as directed and controlled. what is electronic control unit (ECM). gasoline ffuel injectors now act as an alternative to the carburetor, in which the air-fuel mixture is sucked in by the vacuum created by the piston's downward stroke.

As a rule, diesel fuel injectors are installed in the engine head with the tip inside the combustion chamber. chamber, hole size, number of holes and spray angles may vary from engine to engine.

Petrol injectors can be installed on the intake. manifold (lot-port injection, throttle body, or more recently directly into the combustion chamber (GDI).

Why are fuel injectors needed?

Fuel injectors are essential engine components because:

The principle of operation of internal combustion engines states that the better the quality of the fuel-air mixture, the better the combustion, which, Provides higher engine efficiency and lower emissions.

· The inefficient mixing of fuel and air provided by carburetors leaves various unburned particles inside the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. This leads to improper propagation of the combustion flame due to malfunction known as "detonation", as well as higher emissions.

Unburned fuel in the form of carbon or unburned gases and particles inside the combustion chamber negatively affects efficiency (mileage), and vehicle emissions. To avoid this, upgraded fuel injection technology became necessary.

Fuel injector types

The development of fuel injection technologies has led to the emergence of various fuel injection mechanisms, such as throttle fuel injection, multiport fuel injection, sequential fuel injection and direct injection, which vary depending on the application.

There are 2 types of fuel injectors:

Modern dieSelf-propelled fuel injectors are used for atomization and injection or atomization diesel (heavier fuel than gasoline) directly into the diesel combustion chamber engine for compression ignition (not Spark plug).

Diesel fuel injectors require a much higher injection pressure. (up up to 30,000 psi) than petrol injectors as diesel is heavier than petrol and much higher pressure is required to atomize the fuel.

2. Gasoline fuel injectors

Gasoline fuel injectors are used to directly inject or spray gasoline. (GDI) or through the intake manifold (multi-port) or throttle body into the combustion chamber for spark ignition.

Design of petrol injectors is changing by type…newer GDI nozzles use a multi-hole nozzle, multiport and throttle body use aimless attachment.The petrol injection pressure is much lower than Diechoice…3000 psi for GDI and 35 psi for Pinter style.

Fuel Dispensing Basics - Injectors

There are 2 types of fuel dosing (injection duration control quantity,pressure, and fuel delivery time) fuel injectors. Modern engines have up to 5 injections in each combustion cycle... to benefit from efficiency and emission reductions.

1. Fuel injectors with mechanical control

Mechanical fuel injectors in which fuel control speed, quantity, time and the pressure is carried out mechanically using springs and plungers. These parts receive a signal from the cam or high pressure fuel pump.

2. Electronic fuel injectors

These fuel injectors are electronically controlled when it comes to the amount of fuel. pressure, and deadlines. The electronic solenoid receives data from the electronic control module. (ECU) vehicle.

fuel injector design

The simplified design of the fuel nozzle resembles the nozzle of a garden hose that is used to spray water onto the grass.The same task is performed by a fuel injector, but the difference is that instead of water, the fuel is sprayed and "sprayed" inside the engine, making its way into the combustion chamber.

Let's Understand the design and operation of a fuel injector by considering both mechanically and electronically controlled fuel injectors.

Fuel injector with mechanical control

Fuel injectors with mechanical control composed from the following parts:

Injector housing - the outer housing or "shell" within which all other parts of the injector are located. an injector built in. The inside of the injector body must contain a precisely designed capillary or passage through which high pressure fuel from the fuel pump can flow for atomization and injection.

· Plunger - The fuel injector may use a piston that is used to open or close the injector by fuel pressure. It is controlled by a combination of springs and spacers.

· Springs - One or two springs are used inside mechanically controlled fuel injectors. These include:

1. Plunger spring. The forward and backward movement of the plunger is controlled by the plunger spring, which is compressed due to increased fuel pressure. When the fuel pressure inside the fuel injector increases to a value greater than the spring/shim setting combination, the needle in the nozzle rises, the fuel is atomized and injected, as the pressure decreases nozzle closes.

2. Main spring. The main spring is used to control the injection port. pressure.Main spring works from the action of fuel pressure created by the fuel pump.

Fuel injector with electronic control

This is a "smart" type of fuel injector that is controlled by the engine's electronic control module (ECM), which is also known as the brains of modern engines.

Electronically controlled fuel injectors consist of The following parts:

· Nozzle body. Just like a mechanically controlled fuel injector, this type of injector body is a precision-engineered hollow shell within which all other components are located.

· Plunger. As with mechanically controlled fuel injectors, a plunger can be used to open and close the nozzle, but in electronically controlled fuel injectors, nozzle opening is electronically controlled using electromagnets or solenoids.

Spring - As with a mechanically operated fuel injector, the plunger spring is used to hold the plunger in its position until injection pressure is reached, and then to close the fuel injector nozzle when mandatory.

· Electromagnets. Unlike mechanically controlled injectors, this type of injector is equipped with electromagnets or solenoids around the plunger that control the opening of the injector. This is done by receiving an electronic signal from the ECM through an electronic connection connecting the fuel injector to the ECM.

· Electronic plug/connection. The electronically controlled fuel injector has a connector through which an electronic signal from the engine ECM is transmitted to the injectors. This opens the nozzle в spray fuel.