How do sensors get dirty or damaged?
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Sensors play an integral role in the operation of your vehicle's engine. When one sensor stops working, it can cause the entire system to malfunction. The on-board diagnostic computer uses the information provided by the sensors to ensure the system is working properly. While many things can cause problems with one or more sensors, simple contamination is the main reason for sensors to stop working.
Listed below are some of the important sensors that keep your vehicle running smoothly, as well as common causes for them to get dirty or damaged.
Understanding the Important Automotive Sensors on Your Vehicle
All vehicles manufactured and sold in the United States today are required to have an on-board diagnostic computer, commonly referred to as OBD-II or ECU. The main electrical, transmission, wheel, fuel and ignition sensors provide information to the diagnostic computer so that it can correct the systems. There are a few that are more critical than others and are at higher risk of exposure and contamination or damage.
The lambda probe, intake manifold absolute pressure sensor, and mass air flow sensor monitor the amount of air in the system to ensure an accurate air-fuel mixture in the engine.
Wheel speed sensors tell the ABS system if one of the wheels has lost traction. This allows the system to reconfigure and keep the vehicle under control and on the road.
Most professional mechanics agree that regular maintenance and service can reduce the chance of mechanical failures. However, there really is no conventional sensor maintenance program. Sometimes a physical inspection or simply cleaning the areas these sensors are connected to can prevent problems.
How do sensors get dirty?
As noted above, some sensors are more at risk than others. Listed below are some of these sensors and common ways they get dirty that can cause connectivity or performance issues.
Oxygen sensors become contaminated with chemicals released into the exhaust. For example, silicates enter the coolant leak zone due to a crack in the cylinder wall or a leaky cylinder head gasket. Phosphorus enters the exhaust due to oil leakage due to worn rings.
Mass air flow sensors, often referred to as MAF sensors, become contaminated with fuel varnish. Dirt will stick to the heating element and cause it to incorrectly report how much air is coming in.
Wheel speed sensors often get damaged rather than accumulate dirt, but they can attract iron particles, limiting their functionality. If they are damaged, it is usually the wiring and not the sensor itself.
The intake manifold absolute pressure sensor is located near the intake manifold, and debris and dust will get on it. Cleaning the absolute pressure sensor will return it to working condition.
How sensors get damaged
When other components do not work properly, they can damage the sensors. For example, a coolant sensor can be damaged if the engine overheats. However, normal wear and use can also cause the sensor to fail, which is often seen with a throttle position sensor.
Tire pressure sensors usually stop working if the batteries run out. The sensor will need to be replaced, not just the batteries. Sometimes tire sealant can contaminate the sensor.
If you suspect the sensor is not working properly, try cleaning it before replacing it. Spending a few minutes cleaning your sensor will save you a lot of money. Replacement may be the next step if the sensor is damaged. A faulty sensor can cause serious damage to the vehicle or reduced performance if you continue to drive. If you have problems with sensors or electrical components, contact an AvtoTachki Certified Mobile Technician to check the problem.
