How to use a tube bending spring?

	Using a pipe bending spring is the cheapest and easiest way to bend a piece of copper pipe. As a general rule, the minimum bend radius should be 4 times the outside diameter of the pipe. Pipe diameter 22 mm - minimum bending radius = 88 mm. Pipe diameter 15 mm - minimum bending radius = 60 mm
Springs for internal bending of pipes
	Step 1 - Choose your pipe Select the piece of copper pipe you want to bend. A longer piece of copper pipe will be easier to bend than a very small piece, as you will be able to apply more force. It's always better to bend the longer piece and then cut it to size.
	Step 2 - Strip the end of the pipe If your pipe was previously cut with a pipe cutter, the cut end may curve inward slightly and you will not be able to insert the spring into the end. If so, either deburr the end of the pipe with a deburring tool or ream the hole with a reamer until it is large enough. Alternatively, you can cut off the end with a hacksaw.
	Step 3 - Insert the spring into the pipe Once the end of your pipe accepts the spring, insert it into the pipe with the tapered end first. Lubricating the bending spring with oil before inserting it will make it easier to remove it from the pipe at the end of the process. If your pipe will be used for drinking water, use olive oil.
	Step 4 - Leave some visible Make sure you leave a small amount so you can get it back after this! If you need to fully insert the bender spring into the pipe, attach a piece of strong string or wire to the ring end so you can pull it out again.
	Step 5 - Bend the Pipe Find the place where the bend should be and attach it to the knee. Gently pull on the ends of the pipe until the desired angle is created. If you pull too fast or too hard, you risk bending the pipe. Copper is a soft metal and does not require much force to bend it.
Wonky Donky TOP TIP
	Because it can be difficult to remove the spring once you've reached your desired angle, it's a good idea to bend it a little and then loosen it a bit. This will make it easier to remove the spring.
	Step 6 - Pull out the spring Remove the spring from the pipe. If this is difficult for you, you can insert a crowbar (or screwdriver) into the end of the ring and turn it clockwise to loosen the springs.
	Your work is done!
Bending springs for outer tubes
	If you need to bend a pipe with a diameter less than 15mm, you should use an external pipe bending spring.
	Step 1 - Insert the pipe into the spring Insert the pipe into the spring through the wider tapered end.
	Step 2 - Bend the Pipe Press on the ends of the pipe and carefully form the desired bend. Bending too fast or too much will cause wrinkles or ripples in the pipe.
	Step 3 - Move the Spring Slide the spring off the pipe. If this is difficult for you, try twisting as you pull to loosen the springs.
	Your work is done!