How to Test a TP Sensor with a Multimeter (Step by Step Guide)
Content
The throttle position sensor is a power resistor on the throttle body that sends data to the engine control unit no matter how open the throttle is. You should constantly check if the throttle position sensor is working properly. However, this can lead to improper engine airflow if not checked regularly.
Now, if you're wondering how these steps work, let me walk you through the process step by step:
Easy Steps to Check Your TPS with a Multimeter
Throttle position sensor resistance or voltage is the most common test. Data will be collected at various throttle settings, including closed, slightly open, and fully open.
Below are the steps to test the TPS sensor with a multimeter:
Step 1: Check for carbon deposits.
Remove the cleaning unit by opening the hood. Check for dirt or deposits on the throttle body and housing walls. Clean it with carburetor cleaner or a clean rag until it's spotless. Note that buildup of soot behind the throttle sensor can cause it to stop working properly and interfere with smooth driving.
Step 2: Throttle position sensor connected to ground wire
Assuming your TPS is connected to ground, disconnect it and check the connections for dirt, dust, or contamination. Set the digital multimeter voltage scale to about 20 volts. Turn on the ignition after the voltage is established.
Connect the remaining wire to the positive side of the battery.
Then connect the black test lead to the three electrical terminals and perform a throttle position sensor test. There is a wiring problem if the terminals do not show 1 volt.
Step 3: TPS connected to reference voltage
When learning how to perform a throttle position sensor test, you must perform alternate procedures if your TPS sensor is connected to a reference voltage and not to ground.
First, connect the black lead of the DMM to ground at the throttle position sensor. (1)
Then turn the ignition to the ON position without starting the engine.
Connect the red test lead to the other two terminals after you have completed this step. The throttle position sensor is working properly if one of the terminals shows 5 volts. The circuit is open if neither of the two leads has 5 volts. This is the most reliable method for testing the throttle position sensor.
Step 4: TPS generates the correct signal voltage
After completing the first testing process, you must follow further steps to check if the TPS sensor test was successful and provided the correct voltage. Recheck the signal and ground connections of the connector. Connect the red test lead to the signal wire and the black test lead to the ground wire.
Turn on the ignition, but do not start the engine until the throttle is fully closed. The throttle position sensor is working properly if the DMM reads between 2 and 1.5 volts. The DMM should jump to 5 volts when the throttle is opened. If the throttle position sensor test doesn't reach 5 volts, it's time to replace it.
Symptoms of a Faulty TPS
Acceleration issues: Even though your engine may start, it will draw little to no power, causing it to stall. This may cause your vehicle to accelerate without depressing the accelerator pedal.
Unstable idling of the engine: Bad throttle position sensors can create erratic idle conditions. Suppose you notice that your car is running poorly, idling or stalling while driving; You should have this sensor checked by a specialist. (2)
Unusual gasoline consumption: When sensors fail, other modules may start to work differently to compensate for the lack of airflow. You will notice that your car consumes more gasoline than usual.
Warning Lights: The check engine light is designed to alert you if any of your sensors fail. If your car's check engine light comes on, it's best to find the problem before it gets worse.
Take a look at some of our articles below.
- How to test a low voltage transformer
- How to check the crankshaft position sensor with a multimeter
- How to check the car ground wire with a multimeter
Recommendations
(1) lead - https://www.britannica.com/science/lead-chemical-element
(2) driving - https://www.shell.com/business-customers/shell-fleet-solutions/health-security-safety-and-the-environment/the-importance-of-defensive-driving.html
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