Purpose, malfunctions and repair of wipers VAZ 2106

Each Zhiguli owner is obliged to monitor the technical condition and perform timely maintenance of his car. The system of washing and cleaning the windshield should not be overlooked either. Any malfunctions with this mechanism should be eliminated as soon as possible, since poor visibility directly affects the safety of those in the vehicle, as well as other road users.

Wipers VAZ 2106

Different nodes are responsible for the safety of the VAZ "six". However, an equally important device that ensures comfortable and safe movement is a windshield wiper and washer. It is on this part of automotive electrical equipment, its malfunctions and their elimination, that it is worth dwelling in more detail.

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The operation of the vehicle occurs under different climatic and road conditions, which leads to a deterioration in visibility for the driver of the road situation. One of the main factors that reduce visibility and visibility is the pollution or moisture of the windshield and other glasses. From a safety point of view, it is the pollution of the windshield that poses the greatest danger. To keep the windshield always clean, the VAZ 2106 design includes wipers that wipe dirt and precipitation from the glass surface.

Principle of operation

The principle of operation of the mechanism consists of the following steps:

1. The driver selects the desired wiper mode by means of the steering column switch lever.
2. The motor reducer acts on the mechanism.
3. The wipers begin to move left and right, clearing the surface of the glass.
4. To supply liquid to the surface, the driver pulls the stalk lever towards himself, including another electric motor installed in the washer reservoir.
5. When the operation of the mechanism is not required, the switch lever is set to its original position.
   

   Scheme of switching on the wipers and washer VAZ 2106: 1 - washer motor; 2 — the switch of a cleaner and a washer of a windshield; 3 - windshield wiper relay; 4 - cleaner motor reducer; 5 - fuse box; 6 - ignition switch; 7 - generator; 8 - battery

Learn more about the VAZ-2106 electrical system: https://bumper.guru/klassicheskie-modeli-vaz/elektrooborudovanie/elektroshema-vaz-2106.html

Components

The main structural elements of the glass cleaning system are:

• electric motor with gearbox;
• drive levers;
• relay;
• Understeering's shifter;
• brushes.

Trapeze

The wiper trapezoid is a system of levers, consisting of rods and an electric motor. The rods are connected by means of hinges and pins. On almost all cars, the trapezoid has a similar design. The differences come down to different shapes and sizes of fastening elements, as well as the method of mounting the mechanism. The trapezoid works quite simply: rotation is transmitted from the electric motor to the linkage system and further to the wipers moving synchronously for better glass cleaning.

Trapeze design: 1 - crank; 2 - short thrust; 3 - hinge rods; 4 - rollers of the wiper mechanism; 5 - long pull

Motor

The wiper motor is necessary to act on the trapezoid. It is connected to the lever system using a shaft. The operating modes are controlled by means of a steering column switch, and power is supplied to it through a standard VAZ wiring connector. The motor is made in the form of a single device with a gearbox to reduce the number of revolutions. Both mechanisms are located in a housing protected from dust and moisture to the electrical part. The design of the electric motor consists of a stator with permanent magnets, as well as a rotor having an elongated shaft with a screw end.

The windshield wiper trapezoid is set in motion by means of a gearmotor.

Wiper Relay

On the VAZ "classic" there are two modes of operation of the wipers - continuous and intermittent. When the first mode is activated, the mechanism works constantly. This position is activated in heavy rain or, if necessary, to quickly wash away dirt from the glass surface. When intermittent mode is selected, the device is switched on with a frequency of 4–6 seconds, for which the RS 514 relay is used.

Wiper relay provides intermittent operation of the mechanism

Intermittent mode is relevant during light rain, fog, i.e. when there is no need for constant operation of the unit. The connection of the relay to the vehicle wiring is provided through a standard four-pin connector. The device is located in the cabin near the driver's feet on the left side under the trim.

Understeering's shifter

The main function of the switch is to switch the voltage with its supply to the wiper motor, washer, optics, turn signals and a signal at the right time. The part consists of three control levers, each of which has its own function. The device is connected to the wiring by means of pads.

The steering column switch switches the voltage by supplying it to the washer, wiper, lighting and turn signals

Brushes

The brushes are a rubber element held by a special flexible mount with the body. It is this part that is mounted on the wiper arm and provides glass cleaning. The length of the standard brushes is 33,5 cm. Installing longer elements will cover a larger glass surface during cleaning, but there will be a high load on the gearmotor, which will slow down its operation and may cause overheating and failure.

Brushes 2106 cm long were installed on the VAZ 33,5 from the factory

Wiper malfunctions and their elimination

The VAZ 2106 windshield wiper fails infrequently and does not require special attention in maintenance. However, problems with it still occur, which requires repair work.

Electric motor malfunctions

Almost any malfunction that occurs with the windshield wiper motor leads to a malfunction of the mechanism as a whole. The main problems of the electric motor are:

• the gearmotor is not working. The reasons for this phenomenon may be different, but first of all, you need to check the integrity of the F2 fuse. In addition, the collector may burn, short circuit or open in its winding, damage to the part of the wiring responsible for supplying power to the electric motor. Therefore, it will be necessary to check the circuit from the power source to the consumer;
• there is no intermittent mode. The problem may be in the breaker relay or steering column switch;
• the motor does not stop intermittently. A malfunction is possible both in the relay itself and in the limit switch. In this case, both elements need to be checked;
• The motor is running but the brushes are not moving. There are two possible options for the occurrence of a malfunction - the fastening of the crank mechanism on the motor shaft has loosened or the gear teeth of the gearbox have worn out. Therefore, you will need to check the mount, as well as the condition of the electric motor.

Video: troubleshooting the VAZ “classic” wiper motor

Which one can be installed

Sometimes the owners of the VAZ "sixes" are not satisfied with the operation of the standard windshield wiper mechanism for one reason or another, for example, due to low speed. As a result, cars are equipped with a more powerful device. On the classic Zhiguli, you can put a device from the VAZ 2110. As a result, we get the following benefits:

• installation in a regular place;
• 3 speeds of operation (requires the installation of a steering column switch from the Chevrolet Niva);
• wiper closers;
• high power and reliability;
• when washing the glass, the wipers make two strokes.

The VAZ 2110 motor is large and powerful, but it gets into its regular place without alterations

Despite all the above positive points, some owners of the "classic" who installed a more modern motor on their cars came to the disappointing conclusion that the high power led to the failure of the trapezoid. Therefore, before installing a powerful mechanism, it is first necessary to revise the old device. If the operation of the structure after maintenance is not satisfactory, then the installation of the electric motor from the "tens" will be justified.

How to remove

In the event of a malfunction with the wiper motor reducer, it is recommended that the mechanism be replaced or repaired. To remove the assembly, you will need the following list of tools:

• open-end or spanner key 22;
• end head 10;
• small extension cord;
• crank or ratchet handle.

The procedure is carried out in the following order:

1. Loosen the windshield wiper arms.
   

   We unscrew the fastening of the wiper arms with a key or a head for 10
2. We dismantle the leashes. If this is given with difficulty, we hook them with a powerful screwdriver and pull them off the axis.
   

   We bend the levers and remove them from the axes of the trapezoid
3. Using a 22 key, we unscrew the fastening of the lever mechanism to the body.
   

   The trapezoid is held by nuts by 22, unscrew them
4. Remove the plastic spacers and washers.
   

   The connection between the body is sealed with the corresponding elements, which are also removed
5. Disconnect the connector through which power is supplied to the gearmotor. The block is located under the hood on the driver's side.
   

   Disconnect the power supply to the motor
6. Raise the hood seal on the driver's side.
   

   To access the wire, lift the hood seal
7. We take out the wire with the connector from the slot in the body.
   

   We take out the harness with wires from the slot in the partition of the engine compartment
8. Raise the protective cover and unscrew the mounting bracket to the body.
   

   Ratchet unscrew the fastening of the bracket to the body
9. We press on the axis of the trapezoid, remove them from the holes and remove the electric motor along with the lever system.
   

   Having unscrewed all the fasteners, we dismantle the electric motor from the machine
10. We dismantle the locking element with a washer and remove the lever from the crank axle.
    

    We pry with a screwdriver and remove the retainer with the washer, disconnecting the rod
11. Unscrew the crank mount with a key and remove the part.
    

    Having unscrewed the crank mount, remove it from the motor shaft
12. We unscrew 3 bolts and dismantle the motor from the trapezoid bracket.
    

    The motor is held on the bracket with three bolts, unscrew them
13. Upon completion of repair work with the electric motor, we assemble in the reverse order, not forgetting to apply Litol-24 grease to the rubbing elements of the mechanism.

Disassembly

If the electric motor is planned to be repaired, it will need to be disassembled.

The design of the wiper motor: 1 - cover; 2 - panel; 3 — a gear wheel of a reducer; 4 - steel washer; 5 - textolite washer; 6 - cover fastening plate; 7 - body; 8 - anchor; 9 - crank; 10 - retaining ring; 11 - protective cap; 12 - spring washer; 13 - sealing ring; 14 - adjusting washer; 15 - thrust bearing; 16 - motor cover

This is done as follows:

1. We unscrew the fastening of the gearbox cover and remove it.
   

   Unscrew the plastic cover of the motor
2. We turn off the fasteners, through which the harness with wires is held.
   

   Loosen the screw holding the wire clamp
3. We remove the seal.
   

   Dismantle the panel together with the seal
4. We pick the stopper with a screwdriver.
   

   We hook the stopper with a screwdriver and remove it together with the cap and washers
5. Remove the locking element, cap and washers.
   

   Remove the stopper, cap and washers from the axis
6. We press the axis and squeeze the gear of the gearbox out of the housing.
   

   Pressing on the axle, remove the gear from the gearbox
7. We remove the washers from the axis.
   

   Washers are located on the gear axis, dismantle them
8. We unscrew the fasteners of the gearbox to the motor.
   

   Loosen the gearbox mounting screws.
9. We take out the insert plates.
   

   Removing the insert plates from the body
10. We dismantle the body of the electric motor, holding the stator.
    

    Separate the motor housing and armature
11. We take out the anchor from the gearbox together with the washer.
    

    We remove the anchor from the gearbox

Repair and assembly

After disassembling the motor, we immediately proceed to troubleshooting the mechanism:

1. We take out the coals from the brush holders. If they have a lot of wear or signs of damage, we change them for new ones. In brush holders, new elements should move easily and without jamming. The elastic elements must be undamaged.
   

   The brushes in the brush holders must move freely.
2. We clean the contacts of the rotor with fine sandpaper, and then wipe it with a clean cloth. If there are large signs of wear or burning on the armature or on the stator, it is better to replace the engine.
   

   We clean the contacts on the anchor from dirt with sandpaper
3. The whole mechanism is blown with compressed air through a compressor.
4. After diagnosing the gearmotor, we bend the brush holders from the ends with a screwdriver.
   

   We bend the ends of the brush holders to install brushes and springs
5. Fully retract the brushes.
6. We place the rotor in the lid.
   

   We put an anchor in the gearbox cover
7. We insert the springs and bend the brush holders.
   
   

   We place the springs in the brush holders and bend the ends
8. We apply Litol-24 to the gear and other rubbing elements, after which we assemble the remaining parts in the reverse order.
9. In order for the wipers to work correctly after assembly, before attaching the motor to the trapezoid bracket, we briefly supply power to the electric motor by connecting the connector.
   

   For the correct operation of the wipers after assembly, we supply power to the motor before installation
10. When the device stops, disconnect the connector, install the crank parallel to the short trapezium rod.
    

    We install the crank on the motor only after it stops

Video: how to adjust wipers

ADJUSTING THE WIPER POSITION.

Trapeze malfunctions

The mechanical part has no less influence on the performance of the windshield wiper mechanism than the electrical part. With a large wear of the linkage system or lack of lubrication on the hinges, the brushes can move slowly, which creates an increased load on the engine and reduces the life of the trapezoid itself. Squeaks and rattles, which appear due to corrosion on rubbing parts, also indicate rod problems. Untimely maintenance and troubleshooting can lead to damage to the gearmotor.

Trapezium repair

To repair the trapezoid, the mechanism must be removed from the car. This is done in the same way as when dismantling the electric motor. If it is only intended to lubricate the entire structure, then it is enough to draw gear oil into the syringe and apply it to the rubbing elements. However, it is better to disassemble the mechanism for diagnosis. When the traction system is disconnected from the motor, we disassemble it in the following sequence:

1. Using a screwdriver, remove the locking elements from the axles.
   

   We remove the stoppers from the axles, prying them with a screwdriver
2. We remove the adjusting washers.
   

   Remove shims from shafts
3. We remove the axles from the bracket, remove the shims, which are also installed from below.
   

   After dismantling the axles, remove the lower shims
4. Get the sealing rings.
   

   The axle is sealed with a rubber ring, take it out
5. We carefully examine the entire mechanism. If damage is found to the splines, threaded part, axle or there is a large output in the holes of the brackets, we change the trapezoid to a new one.
   

   After disassembly, we check the condition of the thread, splines, and with a large output, we change the trapezoid assembly
6. If the details of the trapezoid are in good condition and can still look like, then we clean the axles and hinges from dirt, process them with fine sandpaper, and apply Litol-24 or other lubricant during assembly.
   

   Before assembly, lubricate the axles with Litol-24 grease
7. Putting the whole mechanism in the reverse order.

Video: how to replace the trapezoid on the classic Zhiguli

Replacing the trapezium wipers vaz 2107

Wiper relay not working

The main malfunction of the breaker relay is the lack of an intermittent mode. In most cases, the part must be replaced, for which it must be dismantled from the car.

Learn more about the device of the VAZ-2106 instrument panel: https://bumper.guru/klassicheskie-modeli-vaz/elektrooborudovanie/panel-priborov/panel-priborov-vaz-2106.html

Replacing the relay

To remove the switching element, two screwdrivers will be enough - a Phillips and a flat one. The process consists of the following steps:

1. We tighten the door seal on the driver's side.
   

   Remove seal from door opening
2. We pry off with a flat screwdriver and remove the left lining.
   

   Pry off with a flathead screwdriver and remove the cover
3. Using a Phillips screwdriver, unscrew the relay mount, consisting of two self-tapping screws.
   

   Unscrew the two screws that secure the wiper relay
4. Remove the connector from the relay to the car wiring. To do this, we go down under the dashboard and find the corresponding block.
   

   We remove the connector coming from the relay (the instrument panel is removed for clarity)
5. We put a new relay in place of the removed relay, after which we mount all the elements in their places.

Two new clips are required to attach the sidewall.

Malfunction of the steering column switch

Problems with the steering column switch on the "six" are quite rare. The main malfunctions due to which the switch has to be removed is the burning of the contacts or mechanical wear. The replacement procedure is not difficult, but requires the removal of the steering wheel. The following tools will be required:

• crank;
• head 24;
• key on 8;
• crosshead screwdriver.

How to replace

Before starting repair work, remove the negative terminal from the battery, after which we perform the following actions:

1. On the steering wheel, remove the plug by prying it with a screwdriver.
   

   Screwdriver to pry the plug on the steering wheel
2. Using a 24mm socket, unscrew the steering wheel mount.
   

   The steering wheel is held on the shaft with a nut, unscrew it
3. We dismantle the steering wheel, gently knocking it down with our hands.
   

   We knock the steering wheel off the shaft with our hands
4. Using a Phillips screwdriver, we unscrew the screws securing the decorative casing of the steering column, after which we remove both parts.
   

   Using a Phillips screwdriver, unscrew the mount of the steering casing
5. We dismantle the instrument panel.
   

   Using a screwdriver, press the latches and remove the instrument panel
6. Under the instrument panel, disconnect three pads for 2, 6 and 8 pins.
   

   Under the dashboard, disconnect 3 connectors
7. We take out the connectors through the bottom of the dashboard.
   

   We take out the switch connectors through the bottom of the instrument panel
8. We loosen the clamp of the steering column switches and dismantle them from the steering column by pulling them towards us.
   

   We dismantle the switch from the shaft by loosening the clamp
9. Install the new switch in reverse order. When laying the harnesses with wires in the lower casing, we check that they do not touch the steering shaft.
10. During the installation of the steering casings, do not forget to put the seal on the ignition switch.
    

    When installing the steering column switches, install the seal on the ignition switch

Video: checking the steering column switch

Fuse blown

Each VAZ 2106 wiring circuit is protected by a fuse, which prevents overheating and spontaneous combustion of the wires. One of the common reasons why the wipers do not work on the car in question is a blown fuse. F2 installed in the fuse box. The latter is located on the driver's side near the hood opening handle. On the "six" this fuse protects the washer and windshield wiper circuits, as well as the stove motor. The fuse-link is designed for a current of 8 A.

F2 fuse in the fuse box is responsible for the washer and windshield wiper circuits, as well as the stove motor

How to check and replace a fuse

To check the operation of the fuse, you will need to perform the following steps:

1. With a flat screwdriver, pry off and remove the cover of the upper (main) fuse box.
2. Visually assess the health of the fusible link. To replace the defective element, we press the upper and lower holders, take out the defective part.
   

   To replace a blown fuse, press the upper and lower holders and remove the element
3. In place of the failed fuse, we install a new one. During replacement, in no case should you install a part of a larger denomination, and even more so a coin, self-tapping screw and other items.
   

   When using foreign objects instead of fuses, there is a high probability of spontaneous ignition of the wiring
4. We install the cover in place.
   

   After replacing the fusible link, put the cover back in place

Sometimes it happens that the voltage does not pass through the fuse, but the part is in good condition. In this case, remove the fusible insert from the seat, check and clean the contacts in the fuse box. The fact is that quite often the contacts are simply oxidized, and this leads to a lack of operability of one or another electrical circuit.

Why is the fuse blowing

There can be many reasons for the element to burn out:

• short circuit in the circuit during repair work;
• failure of the wiper motor;
• trapezoid problems.

A burnt part indicates that the load has increased in the circuit for one reason or another. The current can rise sharply, even when the wipers are simply frozen to the windshield, and at that moment voltage was applied to the motor. To find a malfunction, you will need to check the power circuit starting from the battery and ending with the consumer, i.e., the gearmotor. If your "six" has a high mileage, then the reason may be a short circuit in the wiring to ground, for example, if the insulation is damaged. In this case, replacing the fuse will not do anything - it will continue to blow. Also, attention will have to be paid to the mechanical part - the trapezoid: perhaps the rods have rusted so much that the electric motor is not able to turn the structure.

Windshield washer not working

Since not only the cleaner, but also the washer is responsible for the cleanliness of the windshield, it is worth considering the malfunctions of this device as well. The design of the mechanism consists of the following elements:

• washer pump;
• fluid reservoir;
• nozzles (jets);
• auxiliary parts (wiring, tubes).

The washer reservoir is located in the engine compartment and is held on a special bracket. It is filled with water or a special liquid for cleaning glass. A pump is also installed in the tank, through which liquid is supplied through tubes to nozzles that spray it on the glass surface.

The washer reservoir is located under the hood, and a pump is installed inside the reservoir

Despite the simple design, the washer also sometimes fails and there may be several reasons for this:

• breakdown of the pump;
• blown fuse;
• tube bending;
• breakage of the steering column switch;
• poor contact in the power circuit.

Checking the pump

The washer pump on the Zhiguli often does not work due to poor contact on the electric motor itself or wear of the plastic elements of the device. Checking the health of the electric motor is quite simple. To do this, open the hood and pull the washer lever on the steering column switch. If the mechanism does not make any sounds, then the cause should be sought in the power circuit or in the pump itself. If the motor is buzzing, and no liquid is supplied, then most likely, a tube has fallen from the fitting inside the tank or the tubes supplying liquid to the nozzles are bent.

A multimeter will also help to make sure that the pump is working or not. With the probes of the device, touch the contacts of the washer while turning on the latter. The presence of voltage and the absence of "signs of life" of the motor will indicate its malfunction. Sometimes it also happens that the device works and pumps, but due to clogging of the nozzles, liquid is not supplied to the glass. In this case, cleaning the nozzles with a needle is required. If the cleaning does not work, the part is replaced with a new one.

Washer nozzles are changed due to a blockage that cannot be removed

If the fuse is out of order or the problem lies in the steering column switch, then these parts are replaced in the same way as described above.

Read also about the device of the VAZ-2106 fuel pump: https://bumper.guru/klassicheskie-modeli-vaz/toplivnaya-sistema/priznaki-neispravnosti-benzonasosa-vaz-2106.html

Video: windshield washer malfunctions

All malfunctions of the washer VAZ classics and solutions

With windshield wipers VAZ 2106, various malfunctions may occur. However, many problems can be avoided if the mechanism is periodically serviced. Even if you are faced with a situation where the wipers have stopped working, you can identify and fix the problem without outside help. This will help step-by-step instructions and the minimum set of tools that every Zhiguli owner has.