VAZ 2106 generator: everything the owner of the "six" should know about
Content
- VAZ 2106 generator: purpose and functions
- Technical characteristics of the VAZ 2106 generator
- What generators can be installed on the "six"
- Generator connection diagram
- Generator malfunctions on the VAZ 2106
- How to check the generator
- How to remove, disassemble and repair a generator on a VAZ 2106
- Generator belt
VAZ 2106 was produced from 1976 to 2006. The rich history of the model and a huge number of car owners make it possible to consider the "six" one of the most popular cars produced by AvtoVAZ. However, to this day, drivers have many questions related to the operation and repair of this machine. And one of the most frequently asked questions can be considered a problem with VAZ 2106 generators.
VAZ 2106 generator: purpose and functions
A car alternator is a small electrical device whose main task is to convert mechanical energy into electrical current. In the design of any car, a generator is needed to charge the battery and feed all electronic devices at the time of engine operation.
Thus, the battery receives the necessary energy for the operation of the motor from the generator, so we can say that the generator is an indispensable attribute in the design of any car.
How exactly does the generator work on a VAZ 2106 car? All processes of energy conversion from mechanical to electrical are carried out according to a strict scheme:
- The driver turns the key in the ignition.
- Immediately, the current from the battery through the brushes and other contacts enters the excitation winding.
- It is in the winding that a magnetic field appears.
- The crankshaft begins to rotate, from which the generator rotor is also driven (the generator is connected to the crankshaft by a belt drive).
- As soon as the generator rotor reaches a certain rotation speed, the generator goes into the self-excitation stage, that is, in the future, all electronic systems are powered only from it.
- The generator health indicator on the VAZ 2106 is displayed in the form of a control lamp on the dashboard, so the driver can always see if the device has enough charge to fully operate the car.
Read about the device of the instrument panel VAZ 2106: https://bumper.guru/klassicheskie-modeli-vaz/elektrooborudovanie/panel-priborov/panel-priborov-vaz-2106.html
Generator device G-221
Before talking about the design features of the VAZ 2106 generator, it should be clarified that it has unique latches for mounting on the motor. On the body of the device there are special "ears" into which studs are inserted, twisted with nuts. And so that the “lugs” do not wear out during operation, their internal parts are equipped with a high-strength rubber gasket.
The generator itself consists of several elements, each of which we will now consider separately. All of these devices are built into a light-alloy die-cast housing. To prevent the device from overheating during long-term operation, there are many small ventilation holes in the case.
Winding
Due to the fact that the generator has three phases, windings are installed in it immediately. The task of the windings is to generate a magnetic field. Of course, only special copper wire is used for their manufacture. However, to protect against overheating, the winding wires are covered with two layers of heat-insulating material or varnish.
Relay-regulator
This is the name of the electronic circuit that controls the voltage at the output of the generator. The relay is necessary so that a strictly limited amount of voltage enters the battery and other devices. That is, the main function of the relay-regulator is to control overloads and maintain an optimal voltage in the network of about 13.5 V.
Rotor
The rotor is the main electric magnet of the generator. It has only one winding and is located on the crankshaft. It is the rotor that begins to rotate after the crankshaft is started and gives movement to all other parts of the device.
Generator brushes
The generator brushes are in the brush holders and are needed to generate current. In the whole design, it is the brushes that wear out the fastest, since they carry out the main work of generating energy.
Diode bridge
A diode bridge is most often called a rectifier. It consists of 6 diodes, which are placed on the printed circuit board. The main job of the rectifier is to convert alternating current to direct current in order to keep all the electronic devices in the car running smoothly.
Pulley
The pulley is the driving element of the generator. The belt is pulled simultaneously on two pulleys: the crankshaft and the generator, so the work of the two mechanisms is continuously interconnected.
Technical characteristics of the VAZ 2106 generator
On the "six" from the factory is the G-221 generator, which is classified as a synchronous AC device. The device is fixed on the engine on the right side, however, it can only be adjusted or changed from under the body, since it is difficult to crawl up to the generator from above due to the presence of many hoses, devices and devices.
The rated voltage of the G-221 corresponds to the voltage of a typical VAZ battery - 12 volts. The generator rotor rotates to the right (when viewed from the drive side), since this feature is due to the position of the generator relative to the crankshaft.
The maximum current that the VAZ 2106 generator is capable of delivering at a rotor speed of 5000 rpm is 42 amperes. The power rating is at least 300 watts.
The device weighs 4.3 kilograms and has the following dimensions:
- width - 15 cm;
- height - 15 cm;
- length - 22 cm.
What generators can be installed on the "six"
Structurally, the VAZ 2106 is ready to put a generator on it that is not provided by the manufacturer. The question arises, why change the "native" G-221 at all? In fact, for its time, this generator was the optimal device, since a small number of electrical devices were used in the Soviet Zhiguli.
However, over time, the VAZ 2106 began to be equipped with more modern devices, each of which requires "its share" of energy.. In addition, drivers connect navigators, cameras, pumps, powerful audio systems and other devices to the battery, which makes it difficult for the generator to generate the required amount of current.
Therefore, car owners began to look for equipment options that, on the one hand, would allow all the equipment in the car to work normally and, on the other hand, would have an optimal effect on battery life.
To date, the following types of generators can be supplied to the VAZ 2106:
- G-222 is a generator from the Lada Niva, which is designed for higher loads and produces 50 amperes of current. The G-222 design already has its own regulator relay, so when installing on a VAZ 2106, you will need to remove the relay.
- G-2108 can be installed both on the "six", and on the "seven" and "eight". The device in normal operation produces 55 amperes of current, which, even by modern standards, is quite enough for the functioning of all electronic devices in a car. The G-2108 is identical in shape and fasteners to the regular G-221, so there will be no problems with the replacement.
- G-2107-3701010 produces 80 amperes and is intended for lovers of high-quality acoustics and additional electronic devices in the car. The only caveat: the generator for the VAZ 2106 will have to be slightly modified, since the regulator relay is not suitable for this model.
Photo gallery: generators that can be put on the VAZ 2106
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- The Niva device has good traction
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- The generator from the "eight" is considered a more modern unit
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- The most productive device in VAZ equipment
Learn about the repair of VAZ 2106 units: https://bumper.guru/klassicheskie-modeli-vaz/poleznoe/remont-vaz-2106.html
Thus, the driver of the "six" himself can decide which generator can be put on the car. The choice ultimately depends only on the power consumption of the car.
Generator connection diagram
Being an electronic device, the generator needs to be connected correctly. Therefore, the connection diagram should not cause double interpretation.
A schematic diagram of exactly how the G-221 is connected to the VAZ 2106 can be viewed here.
When replacing a generator, many car owners are wondering where which wire should be connected. The fact is that the device has several connectors and wires, and when replacing it, you can easily forget which wire goes where:
- orange is not useful for connecting, you can leave it as it is, or connect it directly to gray to autostart the car;
- a gray thick wire goes to the brushes from the regulator relay;
- gray thin wire connects to the relay;
- yellow - control light coordinator on the control panel.
Thus, when working independently with the G-221, it is better to sign the values \uXNUMXb\uXNUMXbof the wires so that later you do not connect them by mistake.
Generator malfunctions on the VAZ 2106
Like any other mechanism in the vehicle, the “six” generator may not work correctly, break down and fail. However, cases of unexpected breakdowns are extremely rare, since the driver can always track the occurrence of a “disease”, noticing its first signs.
Charging indicator light on
On the instrument panel is a lamp that reflects the performance of the generator. It can both blink and burn in a constant mode. In any case, the operation of this indicator is considered the first signal of a malfunction in the generator.
| Cause of failure | Solutions |
| Alternator drive belt slip Break in the connection between the plug "85" of the charge control lamp relay and the center of the "star" of the generator Misaligned or damaged battery indicator lamp relay Break in the power supply circuit of the excitation winding Misaligned or damaged voltage regulator Wear or freezing of the generator brushes; slip ring oxidation Breakage or short circuit on "weight" of a winding of excitation of the generator Short circuit of one or more positive alternator diodes Open in one or more generator diodes Break in the connection between the plugs "86" and "87" of the charge control lamp relay Open or interturn short circuit in the stator winding | Adjust alternator belt tension Check and restore connection Check the relay, adjust or replace it Restore connection Clean contacts, adjust or replace voltage regulator Replace the brush holder with brushes; wipe the rings with a cloth soaked in gasoline Attach winding leads to slip rings or replace rotor Replace heatsink with positive diodes Replace alternator rectifier Restore connection Replace the generator stator |
Battery not charging
The alternator can run, but the battery is not charging. This is the main problem of G-221.
| Cause of failure | Solutions |
| Weak alternator belt tension: slippage at high speed and generator operation under load The fastening of the wire lugs on the generator and the battery is loosened; battery terminals are oxidized; damaged wires Battery defective Misaligned or damaged voltage regulator | Adjust alternator belt tension Clean battery terminals from oxides, tighten clamps, replace damaged wires Replace battery Clean contacts, adjust or replace regulator |
Learn how to start a car with a dead battery: https://bumper.guru/klassicheskie-modeli-vaz/poleznoe/kak-zavesti-mashinu-esli-sel-akkumulyator.html
Battery boils away
If the alternator is not properly connected, there may be a problem with the battery.
| Cause of failure | Solutions |
| Poor contact between ground and voltage regulator housing Misaligned or damaged voltage regulator Battery defective | Restore contact Adjust or replace voltage regulator Replace the battery |
The generator is very noisy
By itself, the device should make sounds during operation, since the rotor is constantly rotating. However, if the sound of the operation is extremely loud, you need to stop and find out what's wrong.
| Cause of failure | Solutions |
| Loose alternator pulley nut Damaged alternator bearings Interturn short circuit of the stator winding (howling generator) Squeaky brushes | tighten the nut Replace bearings Replace the stator Wipe the brushes and slip rings with a cotton cloth soaked in gasoline |
How to check the generator
Checking the performance of the device will give the driver confidence in its proper operation and the absence of cause for concern.
It is forbidden to check the generator on the VAZ 2106 when it is disconnected from the battery while the engine is running, as a power surge is possible. In turn, instability can damage the diode bridge.
The generator health check can be done in a variety of ways. The most common are:
- check with a multimeter;
- at the stand;
- when using an oscilloscope.
Self test with a multimeter
This technique is the simplest and does not require special devices or extensive knowledge in the operation of the car. However, you need to purchase a digital or indicator multimeter, as well as enlist the help of a friend, since verification involves the work of two people at once:
- Set the multimeter to DC current measurement mode.
- Connect the device in turn to each battery terminal. The voltage should be between 11.9 and 12 V.
- The assistant should start the engine and leave it idling.
- At this time, the measurer should carefully monitor the readings of the multimeter. If the voltage in the network has dropped sharply, it means that the generator is not working fully, or its resource is not enough to charge.
- In the event that the indicator is more than 14 V, the driver needs to know that such operation of the device in the near future will lead to the battery boiling out.
Checking at the stand
Checking on a computer stand is carried out by service station specialists. In this case, the generator will not need to be removed from the machine, since the computer is connected to the device through special probes.
The stand allows you to simultaneously check the operating generator in all respects with high accuracy. The current performance indicators will be displayed on the computer screen, so the car owner can determine the "weak" points of his generator in real time.
Oscilloscope check
An oscilloscope is an instrument that reads basic voltage readings and converts them into waveforms. Curved lines are displayed on the screen of the device, by which a specialist can immediately determine the defects in the operation of the generator.
How to remove, disassemble and repair a generator on a VAZ 2106
The G-221 generator on the "six" cannot be called a simple device. Therefore, in order to carry out certain repairs, careful preparation will be required, since you will first have to remove the device into cars, and then disassemble it.
Dismantling the generator from the vehicle
To quickly and safely remove the G-221 from the machine, it is recommended to prepare the tools in advance:
- open-end wrench for 10;
- open-end wrench for 17;
- open-end wrench for 19;
- mounting blade.
Of course, it's easiest to work on a cold engine, so let the car sit for a while after the ride.
The process of removing the generator is carried out according to this scheme:
- Loosen the lower alternator fixing nut. Then loosen the nut on the other stud.
- Remove nuts along with washers.
- Move the alternator slightly forward (in relation to the engine).
- This movement will allow you to easily remove the belt (first from the alternator pulley, then from the crankshaft pulley).
- Remove wires from outlet.
- Disconnect the wire from the winding plug.
- Remove wire from brush holder.
- It is immediately recommended to sign the wires by color and connection point, since problems may arise when reinstalling the generator.
- Next, unscrew the nut from the stud of the lower mounting of the generator.
- Remove generator from studs.
Video: dismantling instructions
Dismantling the generator
After the device has been dismantled, it is necessary to disassemble it for subsequent repair. To do this, change the set of tools:
- open-end wrench for 19;
- spanner key for 19;
- ratchet (you can add an extension cord);
- head 8;
- head 10;
- small hammer.
Then, if necessary, you can slightly clean the body of the device from dirt and proceed with disassembly:
- Unscrew the four fastening nuts on the rear cover.
- Using a 19 wrench, unscrew the pulley fastening nut (this will require carefully fixing the generator in a vice).
- After that, you can separate the device into two parts. If the halves are jammed, you can lightly tap them with a hammer. As a result, two equivalent parts should remain in the hands: a rotor with a pulley and a stator with a winding.
- Remove the pulley from the rotor.
- Pull the key out of the housing cavity.
- Next, pull the rotor itself along with the bearing towards you.
- The other part of the generator (the stator with the winding) is also disassembled into parts, just pull the winding towards you.
Video: disassembly instructions
After disassembly, it is necessary to clarify which particular element of the generator needs to be replaced. Further repairs are not particularly difficult, since all components of the generator are interchangeable and can be easily removed / put on.
Generator belt
Of course, the G-221 will not work without a drive belt. The belt for the VAZ 2106 generator is 10 mm wide and 940 mm long. In its appearance, it is wedge-shaped and toothed, which allows it to easily cling to the teeth of the pulleys.
The resource of a belt is calculated on 80 thousand kilometers of run.
How to tighten the belt
Tensioning the alternator belt after it is installed is considered the final stage of work. For fast and high-quality work, you will need to follow the factory tension regulations:
- Loosen the self-locking nut (at the top of the generator).
- Loosen the lower alternator fixing nut.
- The body of the device should move slightly.
- Insert a pry bar between the generator housing and the pump housing.
- Tighten the belt with the movement of the mount.
- Without releasing the mount, tighten the self-locking nut.
- Then check the belt tension.
- Tighten the bottom nut.
Video: tension instructions
The alternator belt should not be too tight, but there should not be any slack either. You can determine the optimal degree of tension by hand by pressing on the middle of the long part of the belt - it should deviate by no more than 1–1.5 cm.
Thus, the driver can do the diagnostics, repair and replacement of the generator on the VAZ 2106 with his own hands. The manufacturer's recommendations and basic safety rules must be followed, as the generator is an electrical device.
