Solex carburetor: device, malfunctions, adjustment
In the design of the domestic car VAZ 2107 there are many complex and capricious mechanisms. One of them is rightfully considered a carburetor, because the mode of operation of the engine depends on the quality of its work.
Carburetor "Solex" VAZ 2107
The Solex carburetor is the most modernized brainchild of the Dimitrovgrad auto-aggregate plant. It must be said that the Solex is a direct descendant of the Italian Weber carburetor, the design of which was originally taken for the production of the first carburetor mechanisms in the USSR, DAAZ and Ozone.
The carburetor marked 2107 (3) 1107010 was developed not only for the "seven". The plant engineers calculated the capacities in such a way that the device could be used with equal efficiency both on the VAZ 2107 and on the Niva and VAZ 21213.
By the way, the carburetor installation is suitable for both a 1.6-liter engine and a 1.7-liter engine. Structurally, the Solex is an emulsion-type carburetor and consists of two combustion chambers with a falling flow (that is, the flow moves from top to bottom).
The device and technical characteristics of "Solex"
The Solex carburetor has the following components and subsystems:
- two chambers for dosing the combustible mixture;
- dosing subsystems in each of the chambers;
- float-controller of the amount of gasoline in the float chamber;
- exhaust gas element;
- throttle blocking mechanism for each of the chambers;
- a device responsible for the operation of the car at idle;
- idle economizer;
- transitional systems from one chamber to another;
- economizer power modes;
- accelerator pump;
- starting mechanism;
- heater.
The carburetor itself is made of two elements: the upper one is called the cover, and the lower one is the main part of the mechanism. The case of "Solex" is made of a high-tech aluminum alloy, which protects the device from various external influences. It is in the lower part of the device that the main parts are located, due to which the fuel and air flows are mixed and the combustible mixture is formed.
Video: brief about "Solex"
Float chamber
This cavity serves as a kind of fuel keeper in the carburetor tank. It is in the chamber that the volume of fuel that is necessary to create a combustible mixture of drops of gasoline and air is contained. The float controls the level of the mixture.
Launcher
When the engine is cold, the carburetor starter is turned on. It is controlled directly from the cabin through the choke handle. If you pull this handle all the way towards you, then the cable will turn the lever, which will close the air damper in chamber No. 1 of the carburetor. At the same time, the throttle valve in the same chamber will open slightly to allow fuel to pass through.
The starting device is a communication cavity between the intake manifold and the damper that passes the air flow. That is, the main task of this node is to close or open the channels for supplying substances when starting the power unit into operation.
Idling
This block in the design of the carburetor is designed to power the engine at low crankshaft speeds, that is, during idling or when driving in first gear. It is CXX that prevents the engine from stalling when there is no main load.
The fuel is sent to the XX system through the channels of the main jet of chamber No. 1, then through the jet working for the XX system, and then mixed with air flows. The created mixture is fed into chamber No. 1 through an open damper.
Power saver
This device is activated only when the throttle valves are strongly opened - that is, in the mode when the motor needs additional power (acceleration, overtaking). The economizer consumes fuel from the tank of the float chamber.
The main task of the power mode economizer is to enrich the air-fuel mixture. Thanks to the operation of the dampers, the mechanism enriches the mixture with additional air flow.
Econostat
The econostat almost always works in tandem with a power economizer. Indeed, with an increased number of revolutions of the crankshaft, the motor also needs an additional amount of gasoline. It is for the excess fuel in the system that the econostat is responsible, which collects the right amount of fuel from the cavity of the float chamber.
Accelerator pump
The accelerator pump is responsible for the timely supply of the required volume of fuel to combustion chambers No. 1 and No. 2. In its structure, it resembles a two-valve mechanism, which, when exposed to diaphragms, begins translational movements.
It is thanks to the progressive jerky movements that the necessary pressure is created in the carburetor system, which ensures an uninterrupted flow of fuel.
Jiklyori
Jets are tubes with technological holes through which fuel (fuel jets) or air (air) is supplied. At the same time, the diameter of the holes and their number differ for different elements - depending on which particular substance is supplied by this jet.
Malfunctions of the Solex carburetor
Like any other mechanism in the car, Solex wears out during operation and may fail. At the same time, since all the important elements are hidden inside the case, it is impossible to determine the malfunction by eye.
However, carburetor malfunctions can be diagnosed in another way: by observing the “behavior” of the car. The driver of the VAZ 2107 can judge possible failures and incorrect operation of the Solex by the following signs:
- failures of the engine when the accelerator pedal is pressed;
- jerks when moving;
- decrease in speed characteristics;
- increased gas mileage;
- ignition difficulties;
- idling failures.
The power of the VAZ 2107 engine is significantly reduced when the carburetor elements are worn out, as well as when various parts are displaced from the installed axles. Therefore, any changes in the operation of the power unit can be considered as a malfunction in the carburetor.
Pours fuel
Leaks of gasoline are fraught with fire. Therefore, the problem with the transfusion of fuel must be addressed immediately. As a rule, the driver may notice puddles of gasoline under the car after overnight parking and dampness in the engine compartment.
Most often, the problem lies in the depressurization of the hoses: even the slightest leakage of fuel can create a puddle of gasoline of impressive size. It is also recommended to check the operation of the accelerator pump: if it pumps fuel in an accelerated mode, then its excess will inevitably protrude beyond the limits of the car's fuel system.
Engine stalls
The main problem of the car owner is the cases when it is not possible to start the car. Either the engine simply “refuses” to start, or it starts and immediately stalls. A malfunction of this kind indicates that there is no fuel in the float chamber, or the amount of fuel is clearly not enough for the full operation of the motor. In rare cases, problems with starting the engine begin due to excessive enrichment or lean mixture.
You will need to disassemble the carburetor into parts and check the performance and condition of the float, jets and dispensers.
If problems with the engine occur only at idle during parking, then malfunctions are possible in the following elements of the carburetor:
- idle jets (severe clogging of holes);
- wear of the solenoid valve mechanism;
- incorrect operation of the control unit;
- wear of the rubber seals of the device.
A thorough inspection of all components of the idle system, their flushing and purging, as well as adjusting the quality and quantity screws will be required.
High fuel consumption
If the carburetor begins to consume more and more fuel, then this unpleasant moment can be eliminated only by completely cleaning all the Solex nodes. Only after cleaning it is possible to start regulating fuel consumption with quantity screws. However, it should be borne in mind that a variety of reasons can lead to an increase in gasoline consumption:
- malfunction or failure of the idle economizer;
- clogging of jets for air;
- depressurization of the carburetor system;
- wear of rubber pads.
Problems with the accelerator pump
As a rule, incorrect operation of the pump manifests itself in two ways: either it supplies too much fuel, or it does not create the necessary pressure in the system at all. In any case, you will need to remove the carburetor, dismantle the pump device and diagnose its operation. In most cases, the rubber parts of the pump simply wear out and need to be replaced.
Severe engine failures during acceleration or overtaking
Another common malfunction of the "seven" is considered to be failures in the operation of the motor at high speeds. The car cannot pick up speed - most often even 80-90 km / h - this is the maximum that the driver can squeeze out of the car.
The source of this problem may be hiding in the following Solex nodes:
- the holes in the jets are littered;
- incorrect operation of diffusers;
- problems with the functioning of the accelerator pump.
It is necessary to clean all carburetor systems and replace worn or broken elements.
The smell of gasoline in the car
The driver must understand that the smell of gasoline that has appeared in the cabin can only indicate one thing: fuel has been released from the carburetor, since there was too much of it there. Even slight emissions of fuel can destroy the spark plugs, which is fraught with big problems with starting the engine.
You need to find the place where the fuel comes from as soon as possible. Most often, these are depressurized fuel or return pipes: wet places under them will indicate the place of leakage.
Solex carburetor adjustment
It is necessary to regulate the operation of the carburetor installation when the driver begins to notice various kinds of defects in the operation of the Solex. For example, increased fuel consumption or difficult cold starting ...
Before direct adjustment, you will need to prepare the workplace and tools. So, the carburetor must be cleaned of traces of leaks and dust so that external dirt does not get inside the unit. In addition, it is better to take care of rags in advance: after all, when any hose is disconnected, gasoline can escape.
Next, you need to pick up tools. As a rule, you can adjust the Solex on the VAZ 2107 by:
- a standard set of wrenches;
- Phillips and flat screwdrivers;
- rulers.
In preparation for the adjustment, you need to find a service book for the VAZ 2107. It is there that all the operating settings are listed, which may differ from each other depending on the year of manufacture of the car.
How to adjust the float chamber
The scheme of work consists of several sequential actions:
- Start the engine, wait 3-4 minutes and turn off the power.
- Open the hood of the VAZ 2107.
- Remove the air filter cover: it makes it difficult to access the carburetor installation.
- Remove the supply pipe from the surface of the carburetor (unscrew the clamp fastener with a flat screwdriver and remove the hose).
- Unscrew the screw connections on the Solex cover, remove the cover and put it aside.
- With a school ruler, measure the length from point A to point B, where A is the edge of the float chamber, and B is the current fuel level. The optimal distance should be no less and no more than 25.5 mm. If there are differences, it will be necessary to adjust the position of the float.
- The bracket that holds the float will need to be bent in one direction or another, depending on whether you want to reduce or increase the distance from A to B.
- Set the axis of the float itself so that it can move along it without delay.
- After measuring again, check that the distance from A to B is exactly 25.5 mm. The setup of the float chamber on this can be considered complete.
Video: workflow
How to adjust car idle
After setting the required level of gasoline in the chamber with a float, you can proceed to the settings of the idle system. This work is also carried out on a car, that is, it is not necessary to dismantle the carburetor. The only caveat is that you will need to warm up the engine to a temperature of 90 degrees Celsius, and then again remove the air filter cover. Further, the procedure is carried out according to the established plan:
- Tighten the quality screw with a screwdriver to the end, then unscrew the screw 3-4 turns in the opposite direction.
- Start the engine again, immediately turn on the lighting, stove and radio - you need to create an increased energy consumption.
- With the engine running, set the optimum number of revolutions for the VAZ 2107 with the quantity screw - it should not exceed 800 rpm.
- Immediately after this quality screw, achieve the maximum idle speed - up to 900 rpm (if the adjustment is carried out in late autumn or winter, then this indicator can be increased to 1000 rpm).
- Unscrew the quality screw in the opposite position: unscrew slowly until jerks are felt in the motor. It is at this moment that it is necessary to stop twisting and make 1–1.5 turns with the screw back.
- On this, you can turn off the engine: the adjustment of the XX system of the Solex carburetor is considered completed.
The procedure is essential for stable, uninterrupted operation of the motor apparatus at low speeds or during a stop. In addition, fuel consumption is significantly reduced.
Video: XX adjustment on the VAZ 2107
How to reduce fuel consumption in all driving modes
One of the most common factors that cause car owners to adjust the operation of the carburetor is increased gasoline consumption. The essence of this procedure is to set the engine speed parameters specified by the manufacturer on the Solex, in connection with which fuel consumption will also be necessarily reduced:
- Start the engine and shut it off after reaching normal operating temperature.
- Tighten the qualitative and quantitative screws to the end.
- Then unscrew each of them 3 turns in the opposite direction (back).
- Check the data from the VAZ 2107 service book. Set exactly the number of crankshaft revolutions indicated in the table. Adjustment is carried out by experiment and unscrewing / tightening the screws of quality and quantity.
Video: fuel consumption optimization
That is, the Solex carburetor, being the source of the formation of the air-fuel mixture for the VAZ 2107 engine, can be independently adjusted and set to its optimal operating modes. It should be emphasized that all the above instructions are designed for motorists who have practical skills in working with car mechanisms. In the absence of experience, it is recommended to contact specialists.
