Types, device and principle of operation of car airbags
One of the main elements of protection for the driver and passengers in the car are airbags (Airbag). Opening at the moment of impact, they protect a person from a collision with the steering wheel, dashboard, front seat, side pillars and other parts of the body and interior. Since the introduction of airbags into cars, they have been able to save the lives of many people involved in an accident. History of creation The first prototypes of modern airbags appeared in 1941, but the war disrupted the plans of engineers. Experts returned to the development of airbag after the end of hostilities. Interestingly, two engineers who worked on different continents separately from each other were involved in the creation of the first airbags. So, on August 18, 1953, the American John ...
Purpose and principle of operation of the belt tensioner and limiter
The use of a seat belt is mandatory for every driver and his passengers. To make the belt design more efficient and convenient, the developers have created devices such as a pretensioner and a limiter. Each performs its own function, but the purpose of their use is the same - to ensure maximum safety for each person in the passenger compartment of a moving car. Belt Pretensioner The seat belt tensioner (or pretensioner) provides a secure fixation of the human body on the seat, and in the event of an accident, preventing the driver or passenger from moving forward relative to the movement of the car. This effect is achieved due to the winding and tighter tightening of the seat belt. Many motorists confuse the pretensioner with a conventional inertial coil, which is also included in the design of seat belts. However, the tensioner has its own scheme of action. Due to the activation of the pretensioner, ...
Description and conditions of car crash tests
Safety is one of the key parameters that buyers analyze when choosing a car. To assess all the risks and reliability of the vehicle, so-called crash test scores are used. Tests are carried out by both manufacturers and independent experts, which allows an unbiased assessment of the quality of the car. But before using the information, it is desirable to understand what crash tests are, who conducts them, how the results are evaluated and other features of the process. What is a car crash test Crash test is the deliberate creation of an emergency and collisions of varying degrees of danger (complexity). The method makes it possible to evaluate the safety of a car structure, identify visible defects and improve the effectiveness of the protection system in such a way as to minimize the risk of injury to passengers and drivers in case of accidents. The main standard types of crash tests (types of impacts): Head-on collision - a car on ...
The structure and principle of operation of the passive safety system SRS
A car is not only a familiar means of transportation, but also a source of danger. The ever-increasing number of vehicles on the roads of Russia and the world, the growing speeds inevitably lead to an increase in the number of accidents. Therefore, the task of designers is to develop not only a comfortable, but also a safe car. The passive safety system helps to solve this problem. What does the passive safety system include The passive safety system of the car includes all devices and mechanisms designed to protect the driver and passengers from serious injury at the time of the accident. The main components of the system include: seat belts with tensioners and limiters; airbags; safe body structure; child restraints; emergency battery disconnect switch; active headrests; system…
How the Descent Assist System Works
Modern automakers are trying to the maximum to ensure the safety of the driver and passengers. For these purposes, various systems are provided to avoid the occurrence of emergency situations. One of these driver assistants is the hill descent assistance system, which ensures a stable speed without dangerous accelerations. The DAC system: what the driver needs it for It is believed that the DAC (Downhill Assist Control) safety system when descending a mountain was first introduced by engineers of the well-known automobile brand Toyota. The main purpose of the new development was to provide the car with the safest possible descent from steep slopes, preventing the occurrence of unwanted acceleration and controlling the maintenance of a constant safe speed. Most often, the English abbreviation DAC is used to denote the function of safe movement on a slope. However, there is no single generally accepted designation ...
What is ISOFIX child seat mounting system
Any modern car, even a representative of the most budget class, must first of all be safe. To do this, automakers equip all their models with various systems and elements that provide active and passive safety for all passengers in the cabin during the trip. The list of such components includes airbags (read more about their varieties and operation here), various vehicle stabilization systems during the trip, and so on. Often there are children among the passengers in the car. The legislation of most countries in the world obliges motorists to equip their vehicles with special child seats that ensure the safety of babies. The reason is that the seat belt in the standard version is designed to fix an adult, and the baby in this case is not even protected, ...
Types and features of the use of child restraint systems
When a child appears in the family, the car becomes an even more valuable assistant. The main task of parents is to ensure maximum safety of the little passenger. Special child restraints will help in this, which must be correctly selected depending on the age, weight and individual characteristics of the child. What is a DUU A child restraint (DUU) is a whole range of devices designed for the safe transportation of a child in a car. Depending on the age and weight of the child, different types of child restraints may be used, including: infant carriers; car seats; boosters; seat belt adapters. According to Russian legislation, such devices must be used when transporting children from the moment of their birth and up to 12 years. However, due to the individual characteristics of the development of the child, it is possible to use DUU and ...
Types and principle of operation of car headrests
One of the first car head restraints was introduced by Mercedes-Benz in 1960. At first they were installed at the request of the buyer. In the late 60s, all Mercedes cars were produced with head restraints. In 1969, the safety association NHTSA approved the importance of the new accessory and recommended its installation to all automakers. What functions does the headrest perform? Such an addition to the car seat is an element of passive safety, and not just a component for convenience. It's all about the behavior of our body in the car seat during a rear impact. The body rushes back, and the head is thrown back with great force and speed a little later. This is called the "whip effect". The head restraint stops the movement of the head during an impact, preventing possible neck fractures and head injuries. Even if not strong...
Car seat belts: protection proven for decades
Despite the high rate of development of modern technologies, seat belts remain the main means of passive protection for the driver and passengers in the car. By fixing the position of the body during strong impacts, this device, proven for decades, helps to avoid serious injuries, which are often incompatible with life. According to statistics, in 70% of cases, people manage to survive in serious accidents thanks to seat belts. Facts from history and modernity It is believed that the first seat belt was invented and patented in 1885 by American Edward Claghorn. Initially, the device was used for passengers traveling in open carriages. Later, coachmen also began to use the belt. However, in the automotive industry, seat belts began to appear much later. At the beginning of the twentieth century, they tried to introduce them as an additional option, ...
The structure and principle of operation of the pedestrian protection system
Every year, tens of thousands of accidents involving pedestrians occur on Russian roads. Such accidents happen both through the fault of drivers and as a result of the negligence of people entering the roadway. In order to reduce the number of serious injuries in a collision between a car and a person, automakers have created a special mechanism - an active hood with a pedestrian protection system. What is it, we will tell in our material. What is the system The pedestrian safety system was first installed on production cars in Europe in 2011. Today the device is used on many European and American cars. Three large companies are involved in the production of equipment: TRW Holdings Automotive (produces a product called the Pedestrian Protection System, PPS). Bosch (makes the Electronic Pedestrian Protection, or EPP) system. Siemens...