HBO: what is it in a car? Device
Almost every month, motorists are shocked by new gasoline prices. There is a natural desire to reduce the cost of refueling. The most affordable way is to install HBO.
What is HBO in a car? Our article on the Vodi.su website will be devoted to this topic.
This abbreviation stands for gas equipment, thanks to the installation of which, along with gasoline, gas can be used as fuel: propane, butane or methane. Most often we use propane-butane. These gases are a byproduct of the refining of crude oil to produce gasoline. Methane is a product traded by Gazprom, but it is not so widespread for a number of reasons:
- much rarer than propane, so it is pumped into heavier cylinders that can withstand pressures up to 270 atmospheres;
- Russia does not yet have an extensive network of methane filling stations;
- very expensive equipment installation;
- high consumption - about 10-11 liters in the combined cycle.
In short, about 70 percent of all LPG vehicles run on propane. A liter of propane at gas stations in Moscow at the beginning of summer 2018 costs 20 rubles, methane - 17 rubles. (if, of course, you find such a gas station). A liter of A-95 will cost 45 rubles. If a 1,6-2 liter engine consumes approximately 7-9 liters of gasoline in the combined cycle, then it “eats” 10-11 liters of propane. Savings, as they say, on the face.
The device and the principle of operation
To date, there are as many as six generations of HBO, the main components of which are approximately the same:
- balloon;
- multivalve that regulates the flow of gas into the system;
- remote type filling device;
- line for supplying blue fuel to the cylinders;
- gas valves and reducer-evaporator;
- mixer for air and gas.
When installing HBO, a fuel switch is placed on the instrument panel so that the driver can, for example, start the car on gasoline, and then switch to gas as the engine warms up. It is also worth noting that there are two types of HBO - carburetor type or injection type with distributed injection.
The principle of operation is quite simple:
- when switching to gas, the multivalve in the cylinder opens;
- gas in a liquefied state moves along the main line, along which a gas filter is installed to purify blue fuel from various suspensions and tarry accumulations;
- in the reducer, the pressure of liquefied gas decreases and it passes into its natural state of aggregation - gaseous;
- from there, the gas enters the mixer, where it mixes with atmospheric air and is injected through the nozzles into the cylinder block.
In order for this whole system to work flawlessly and safely, its installation should be trusted only to professionals, because the work does not consist only in installing a cylinder in the trunk. It is also necessary to install a lot of various equipment, for example, a ramp for 4 cylinders, vacuum and pressure sensors. In addition, when a gas changes from a liquid state to a gaseous state, it cools the gearbox very much. To prevent the gearbox from completely freezing, this energy is used for the engine cooling system.
The choice of HBO for a car
If you look at the characteristics of gas-cylinder equipment of different generations, you can see the evolution from simple to complex:
- 1st generation - a conventional vacuum system with a gearbox for carburetor or injection engines with single injection;
- 2 - electric gearbox, electronic dispenser, lambda probe;
- 3 - distributed synchronous injection provides an electronic control unit;
- 4 - more accurate injection dosage due to the installation of additional sensors;
- 5 - a gas pump is installed, due to which the gas is transferred to the reducer in a liquefied state;
- 6 - distributed injection + high pressure pump, so that the gas is injected directly into the combustion chambers.
In higher generations, starting with 4 and 4+, the HBO electronic unit can also control the supply of gasoline through the nozzles. Thus, the engine itself chooses when it is better for it to run on gas, and when on gasoline.
The choice of equipment of one generation or another is a difficult task, because 5th and 6th generations will not go to any machine. If you have an ordinary small car, then 4 or 4+, which is considered a universal option, will be enough.
Its advantages are:
- the average service life is 7-8 years subject to regular maintenance;
- complies with Euro-5 and Euro-6 environmental standards, that is, you can safely go to Europe;
- automatic switching to gasoline and vice versa, without noticeable dips in power;
- it is cheaper, and the drop in power compared to gasoline does not exceed 3-5 percent.
Please note that the 5th and 6th generation are very susceptible to gas quality, the gas pump can quickly fail if condensate settles in it. The price of installing the 6th HBO reaches 2000 euros and more.
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